This field was not specified by a definition and varied in concepts and its implications from a historian to another (Ghernaout: 217, pp. Those orientalists sought to search in the Holy Quran, Prophet biography, and related studies within the field called (Orientalism field). There was not to study the phenomenon that has become a religion, spirit, and human food for millions of people from all over the world, but rather a desire for many of them to find outlets, gaps, and stabs by distorting his fragrant biography by creating falsehood and suspicions. ) produced hundreds of books that dealt with the Prophet Mohammed honorable biography since an early age of Orientalism. Orientalist (the English, the French, the Germans, the Russians, the Japanese. The personality of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has been the subject of wide controversy amongst a large number of orientalists who dealt with Islamic history and heritage with research and study. As a result of their hurt and the desire of the Messenger (PBUH) to establish a steady base for spreading Islam and a safe place in which Muslims gather to study the principles of their religion, so he said to his companions (I have seen your immigration, to land with palm trees between two levers) (Al-Mallah: 2018). Yathrib was the same as Mecca, Al-Ta'ef, and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula before the prophet era,worshiping fetish and idols, and after the revelation of the Prophet (PBUH) and his call for spreading Islam, the harm of the Quraysh polytheists increased and their standing against the spread of Islam in Mecca. Historians' say that the name "Yathrib" is attributed to Yathrib Bin Qanyah Ibn Mahlail Bin Aram Bin Sam Bin Noah, the first to descend Al-Madina from the Amalekites (Dahlan: 2018). The name "Yathrib" was given to Al-Madina before the Messenger (PBUH) migration.
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It is rich in palms, trees, and plantations and surrounded by mountains and valleys, and it is considered one of the most fertile areas in the Arabian Peninsula. Its land is fertile with wells and fountains. Yathrib (Madina) is one of the Al-Hijaz cities, which is located three hundred miles north of Mecca. The orientalists have an opinion on this policy, for the character of the Prophet (PBUH) has been the subject of controversy for orientalists, and many studies have emerged that dealt with his biography and policy in building the new nation and put forward many opinions that showed their attitude whether they were negative or positive (Al-Harigi: 1989). The construction of the mosque was the first step, followed by brotherhood between immigrants and Al-Ansar, then issuing the Al-Medina document, in addition to establishing the army and calling for jihad. Since the Prophet (PBUH) entered Al-Medina, he started working on the establishment of the conditions of the Islamic nation on clear principles by establishing some institutions and organizations that help in doing so. The Prophet (PBUH) was able to build a new nation and consistent society, which is the greatest and most astonishing nation known to mankind. Palabras clave: Convivencia pacífica, profeta, Mahoma, Al-Medina. El documento que establece el profeta para los vecinos de Al-Medina se considera como la constitución a través de la cual organizó la vida política y social para evitar los problemas que pudieran ocurrirle a los musulmanes en su nuevo hogar. El tema de investigación trata de un período importante en la vida de los musulmanes, que se puede llamar 'el período de establecimiento de la nación en Al- Medina' a través del cual se lee el documento. Keywords: Peaceful coexistence, prophet, Mohammed, Al-Medina.Įl tema de la convivencia pacífica ocupa un lugar prioritario en los escritos políticos e históricos contemporáneos entre civilizaciones y derechos de las minorías. The document that is set by the prophet (PBUH) for the residents of Al-Medina is considered as the constitution through which he organized the political and social life to avoid the problems that might happen to Muslims in their new home. The research topic deals with an important period in Muslim life, which can be called 'the period of establishing the nation in Al-Medina' through which the document is read. The topic of peaceful coexistence occupies a priority in contemporary political and historical writings due to its connection with human rights issues, dialogue, cooperation between civilizations, and minority rights.